• Roshni Ahirwar
• Dr. Navdeep Kaur Saluja

In Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), efficient routing is a critical challenge due to the dynamic topology, limited node energy, and uneven traffic distribution. This paper proposes the LEGR (Load and Energy-aware Geographic Routing) protocol, which addresses energy efficiency and load balancing through a region-based, adaptive routing approach. LEGR makes intelligent next-hop selections based on real-time analysis of residual energy, traffic load, connectivity, and geographic distance. Extensive simulations under varying node mobility and density scenarios demonstrate that LEGR consistently outperforms existing protocols such as AODV and EAODV in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The proposed algorithm not only enhances network performance but also contributes to increased network lifetime and stability, making it suitable for scalable and dynamic MANET environments.

MANET, Energy-aware Routing, Load Balancing, Geographic Routing, LEGR Protocol, Wireless Networks, AODV, EAODV, Network Lifetime

"LEGR: A Load and Energy-Aware Geographic Routing Protocol for Enhanced MANET Performance", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.c507-c518, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511260.pdf

"LEGR: A Load and Energy-Aware Geographic Routing Protocol for Enhanced MANET Performance", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppc507-c518, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511260.pdf