• Shravya R Jagirdar
• Sushmitha GS
• Raksha U
• Dr. Aswini G V
• Ms. Shwethaa A R

Abstract-Hemoglobin is an important part of red blood cells for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin concentration in the blood can be used as a physical condition parameter. A low hemoglobin level is called anemia and a high hemoglobin level is called polycythemia. WHO has determined the anemia cut off level of hemoglobin concentration based on age, sex, and condition (pregnant or not). Currently, accurate and reliable hemoglobin concentration measurement uses invasive methods such as cyanmethemoglobin and automated hematology analyzer. But these methods are expensive, not in real time, and with a high infection risk, they also need special techniques. Non-invasive methods offer a better alternative because it has a low infection risk, gives instant results, and is portable in size. This work developed a non-invasive hemoglobin measurement for anemia diagnosis based on optical spectroscopy. The system utilized LED and photodiode as an optical sensor placed on the fingertip. Since photodiode just could obtain DC component, so the signal conditioning circuit which consisted of HPF, LPF, and amplifier was used to obtain the AC component of the signal. This system used a microcontroller to control the operation of the hardware and to calculate the hemoglobin concentration.

Hemoglobin; Optic; Spectroscopy; Non-Invasive; Anemia.

"Design Of An Optical Sensor Based On Non-Invasive Anemia Detection System", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.d695-d698, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511375.pdf

"Design Of An Optical Sensor Based On Non-Invasive Anemia Detection System", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppd695-d698, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511375.pdf