• Amar Arun Naik
• Shilpa Shantaram Sawant
• Ganesh Sambhu Margaj

Naik’s Temporal Frame Field Factor (NTF3) Theory introduces a novel scalar field parameter that quantifies the local strength of time dilation and spacetime contraction relative to an observer’s inertial reference frame. The theory proposes that every spacetime point possesses a unique frame field factor (FFF), which modulates the observer’s perception of distance, time, and velocity. Unlike traditional relativity, which relies on tensorial curvature and Lorentz transformations, TFFF operates through a multiplicative scalar modulation of spacetime intervals. The factor is derived from both gravitational and relativistic acceleration contributions, creating a continuous spectrum of frame fields throughout the universe. This formulation enables a direct comparison between surface-bound inertial frames and those near extreme gravitational boundaries such as event horizons. As TFFF approaches zero, time slows and space compresses, while TFFF near unity corresponds to near-flat Minkowski space. The theory is capable of predicting the looped topology of the observable universe, asserting that at extreme distances the TFFF wraps back toward the observer. It unifies gravitational red-shift, time dilation, and relativistic length contraction into a single field-based formulation. TFFF also explains the emergence of apparent paradoxes, such as simultaneity breakdown and horizon freezing, as natural consequences of extreme TFFF gradients. The model allows novel simulations of black hole behavior, expanding the notion of a "gravitational surface" instead of a singular core. It is mathematically compatible with both General Relativity and special relativity but offers a scalar alternative useful for visualization and computation. This work explores the dynamics of TFFF in various cosmological contexts, including cosmic expansion, black hole vicinity, and inertial acceleration frames. Finally, NTF3 opens the possibility of deriving a finite, cyclic diameter of the universe based on TFFF decay and return. This theory provides a promising route toward unification of relativistic mechanics and cosmic geometry through scalar field analysis.

AMAR Model Theory, Space Inflow, Naik’s Temporal Frame Field Factor, Singularities, NSF³, NTF³

"A Unified Framework for Cosmological Geometry and Relativistic Dynamics", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.d789-d794, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511387.pdf

"A Unified Framework for Cosmological Geometry and Relativistic Dynamics", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppd789-d794, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511387.pdf