• Daljeet kaur

Electron–ion–positron plasmas constitute a distinctive class of multicomponent plasma systems in which electrons, baryonic ions, and positrons coexist, giving rise to unique symmetry properties and complex collective behaviour. The presence of positrons—particles identical in mass to electrons but opposite in charge—modifies conventional plasma dynamics by influencing dispersion characteristics, wave propagation, nonlinear structures, and a wide range of instability mechanisms. Such plasmas arise naturally in several extreme astrophysical environments, including pulsar and magnetar magnetospheres, relativistic jets, accretion disks, and gamma-ray burst sources, where pair-production processes and strong electromagnetic fields create abundant positron populations. Recent advances in laser–plasma interactions, high-energy-density facilities, and positron trapping technologies have also opened promising opportunities for producing laboratory-scale positron-rich plasmas.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on the formation, equilibrium properties, linear and nonlinear wave dynamics, instability behaviour, and experimental progress related to electron–ion–positron plasmas. Emphasis is placed on the influence of pair symmetry, ion admixture, temperature asymmetry, and magnetic field geometry on the emergence of novel electrostatic and electromagnetic modes and the onset of microinstabilities such as two-stream, Weibel, and beam-driven excitations. By integrating theoretical frameworks with laboratory developments and astrophysical implications, this review highlights the central role of three-species plasmas in modern plasma physics and identifies key open challenges that will guide future research in this emerging field.

Three-component plasma, High-energy-density plasma, Nonlinear plasma dynamics Astrophysical plasmas.

"The Physics of Three-Species Plasmas: Electrons, Ions, and Positrons- A comprehensive review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no.f772-f777, November-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511613.pdf

"The Physics of Three-Species Plasmas: Electrons, Ions, and Positrons- A comprehensive review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 11, page no. ppf772-f777, November-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2511613.pdf