• Prof. Tareak A. Rather
• Aqib Rashid Sheikh

Purpose- This study examines the working and living conditions of migrant workers in the brick kilns of Budgam district, Jammu and Kashmir. Methodology/Design/Approach: The study follows a quantitative research approach, employing an interview schedule for data collection. Simple statistical methods were used for quantitative data interpretation, while thematic analysis was applied to open-ended questions to identify and interpret recurring patterns in the qualitative responses. Findings- The study reveal challenging working conditions, including long hours (averaging 14-15 hours per day), low piece-rate wages, lack of job security, and inadequate safety measures, with no access to first aid facilities. Living conditions are similarly difficult, with workers residing in makeshift shelters that lack electricity, sanitation, and access to clean water. These shelters provide minimal protection from harsh weather, and workers often rely on firewood for cooking and untreated water for drinking. Practical implications- The study highlights the vital need for targeted interventions and policy measures to address these challenges and improve the well-being of migrant workers in the unorganized sector.

Working and living conditions of migrant workers in brick kilns: A case study of Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir

"Working and living conditions of migrant workers in brick kilns: A case study of Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no.c359-c374, December-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512241.pdf

"Working and living conditions of migrant workers in brick kilns: A case study of Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no. ppc359-c374, December-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512241.pdf