• Yurngayung Horam
• Rinyaphy Horam
• Dr. Ringkahao Horam
• VIL A. Shatsang

This paper explores the empowering role of urban institutions in shaping women’s agency through a case study of Ima Keithel, the largest all-women’s market in the world located in Manipur. Serving both as an economic and social space run solely by women, Ima Keithel stands as an embodiment of women empowerment in the state. Unlike in many parts of the country where women’s economic mobility and public participation are constrained, Ima Keithel provides a space where women visibly lead commerce and community life. The market not only enables financial independence but also fosters strong networks of mutual support, political voice and a sense of solidarity among these women. However, this paper also examines the double -edgedness which many of these women face in balancing domestic expectations with the economic responsibilities that they have undertaken in the market. While Ima Keithel symbolizes female strength and empowerment, it also reflects the persistent expectation and discrimination against women. Thus, by situating Ima Keithel within broader discussions of gendered urban spaces, this study highlights the complex and two faced nature of women’s empowerment in contemporary Manipur. 

Urban, space, women, market, Manipur.

"Mothers of the Market: Urban space and Women's Agency in Manipur's Ima Keithel ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no.c860-c863, December-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512301.pdf

"Mothers of the Market: Urban space and Women's Agency in Manipur's Ima Keithel ", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no. ppc860-c863, December-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512301.pdf