• Dr. Krishna Roy

Indian democracy, as the world's largest, faces a complex array of challenges that threaten to undermine its foundational principles of equality, liberty, and justice. Despite successful, regular, and free elections, the country struggles with deep-rooted socio-economic inequalities and institutional hurdles. Key challenges facing Indian democracy includes poverty and economic inequality. With a significant portion of the population still living below the poverty line, basic necessities often take precedence over political participation for many. This gap between the rich and poor hampers national progress and leads to a "chalta hai" (let it be) attitude toward systemic issues. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in the system and rampant corruption exists at political, bureaucratic, and corporate levels, weakening the foundation of democracy and reducing trust in public institutions. Caste-based discrimination continues to prevail, with caste consciousness often exploited for political gains (vote banks). Similarly, communalism and religious fundamentalism undermine secularism and threaten social harmony. Criminalization of politics, intersection of money and muscle power in elections has led to an increase in politicians with criminal backgrounds, negating democratic values. Gender Discrimination, illiteracy and Lack of awareness among the members have functionally hinders their ability (voters or citizens) to engage meaningfully in the political processPoverty, Democracy, Caste, Communalism, Language, Discrimination, Challenges.

Poverty, Democracy, Caste, Communalism, Language, Discrimination, Challenges.

"Challenges to Indian Democracy in Plural Society", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.a194-a209, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601022.pdf

"Challenges to Indian Democracy in Plural Society", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppa194-a209, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601022.pdf