• Anubhav
• Deepak Joshi

The global transition towards renewable energy has positioned solar photovoltaics (PV) as a cornerstone of sustainable power generation. However, the inherent non-linearity of PV cell characteristics, coupled with their sensitivity to environmental fluctuations such as solar irradiance and temperature, necessitates the use of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to ensure optimal efficiency. This paper provides an in-depth analysis and expansion of MPPT strategies, specifically focusing on the Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (INC) algorithms. Through rigorous mathematical modeling and MATLAB/Simulink simulations, we evaluate the performance of these algorithms when integrated with a DC-DC Buck converter. The study extends beyond basic implementation to explore tracking dynamics under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions and partial shading. Results demonstrate that while P&O offers simplicity, the INC algorithm provides superior tracking accuracy, faster convergence, and significantly reduced steady-state oscillations. The paper concludes with a detailed discussion on the hardware implementation using Virtual Instrumentation (VI) and the implications for future smart grid integration.

Solar Photovoltaic, MPPT, Incremental Conductance, P&O, Buck Converter, MATLAB/Simulink, Renewable Energy, Virtual Instrumentation

"Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Study of Incremental Conductance and P&O MPPT Algorithms with Buck Converter Integration", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.a532-a541, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601065.pdf

"Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Systems: A Comprehensive Study of Incremental Conductance and P&O MPPT Algorithms with Buck Converter Integration", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppa532-a541, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601065.pdf