• T.N. Shimreishang

The study presented in this paper examines the recent ethnic conflict that has deeply fractured the social and political fabric of Manipur, a northeastern state in India. This ethnic unrest has pitted communities against one another, leading to widespread displacement, violence, and a breakdown of institutional governance. Focusing on the period from 2023 to 2025, the study critically examines the roots, escalation, and implications of the violence primarily between the Meitei and Kuki-Zo communities. It explores how historical grievances, identity politics, land rights, and state policies have collectively intensified ethnic polarisation. Special attention is given to the role of social media in shaping narratives, fuelling misinformation, and amplifying divisions. The paper also reflects on the roles played by ethnic based organisations and state responses, assessing both their failures and potential pathways for reconciliation. By situating the unravelling of communal harmony, the paper seeks to understand the complexities of coexistence in a multi-ethnic society and proposes a framework for conflict resolution. The findings aim to contribute to policy discourses for inclusive governance and peacebuilding efforts in ethnically sensitive regions.

Ethnic Conflict, Identity Politics, State Fragility, and Governance

"Contested Identities and Ethnic Polarisation in Manipur: A Study of the 2023–2025 Conflict", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.b564-b571, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601184.pdf

"Contested Identities and Ethnic Polarisation in Manipur: A Study of the 2023–2025 Conflict", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppb564-b571, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601184.pdf