• Hemant Kumar kharol
• Dr. Sunita Shrivastava

In recent years, major examination bodies in India have begun using facial recognition technology (FRT) and other biometric methods in competitive examinations. These technologies are adopted to prevent impersonation, cheating, and misuse of identity during exams, particularly in high-stakes tests conducted by constitutional bodies such as the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and recruitment agencies like the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). While the goals of fairness and transparency are legitimate, the collection and storage of biometric and facial data raise serious concerns about individual privacy under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. This research paper examines how FRT and biometric tools are used in competitive exams, the legal and ethical issues surrounding their deployment, and whether current practices align with constitutional standards for privacy, consent, and data protection. The paper also discusses gaps in policy and suggests recommendations to balance exam security with privacy rights.

Facial Recognition Technology, Competitive Examinations, Biometric Verification, Right to Privacy, Article 21, UPSC, SSC, Data Protection

"Facial Recognition Technology in Competitive Examinations: A Constitutional Analysis of the Right to Privacy under Article 21", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.e262-e265, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601440.pdf

"Facial Recognition Technology in Competitive Examinations: A Constitutional Analysis of the Right to Privacy under Article 21", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppe262-e265, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601440.pdf