• S. LOKESH
• Prof. B.V.MURALIDHAR

Local self-government in India represents a vital dimension of the country’s democratic and administrative framework, reflecting a long tradition of grassroots governance and community participation. This paper examines the historical evolution of local self-government in India, tracing its development from ancient village republics and indigenous self-governing institutions to the modern constitutionally mandated system of Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies. The study highlights how early forms of local governance, rooted in Grama Sabhas and village councils, functioned as autonomous units managing social, economic, and judicial affairs. It further analyses the impact of British colonial rule, which weakened traditional institutions while introducing modern local bodies primarily to serve administrative and fiscal objectives. The paper also explores post-Independence efforts to revitalise local self-government through policy initiatives and committee recommendations, culminating in the landmark 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts of 1992. These amendments provided constitutional status, uniformity, and democratic legitimacy to local governments by ensuring regular elections, social justice through reservations, financial mechanisms, and clearly defined functional responsibilities. While acknowledging persistent challenges such as limited financial autonomy, administrative constraints, and state-level control, the paper argues that local self-government has significantly enhanced political participation and inclusive development in India. The study concludes that strengthening local self-government remains essential for deepening democracy, promoting participatory governance, and achieving sustainable and equitable development in a diverse and decentralised polity.

Panchayati Raj, Decentralization, Ripon Resolution, Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, Amendments 73 And 74 .

"Grassroots Democracy in India: Historical Roots and Contemporary Evolution", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.f253-f259, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601538.pdf

"Grassroots Democracy in India: Historical Roots and Contemporary Evolution", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppf253-f259, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601538.pdf