• PRABHAT K PRASAD
• Dr MANISH GANGIL

Abstract This paper explores the advances in carbon capture technologies and their related costs. Our efforts are to cut down net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to zero by implementing carbon dioxide (CO2) removal strategies. Various CO2 removal technologies and their related costs have been discussed in this paper. Despite significant global efforts, the CO2 concentration in the air continues to rise, underscoring the need to deploy all available emissions reduction technologies. CCS plays a crucial role in achieving net zero targets as per the mutually agreeable Paris agreement clause, permitting CO2 capture from hard- to-abate industries such as cement, steel, and chemicals, alongside the decarbonisation of power generation. With the growth of CCS industries, scientific advancements and economies of scale have started to reduce the costs of capturing and storing CO2. This write up carries out an in-depth analysis of capture technologies and the CCS cost structures, the factors influencing cost variations, and strategies for cost reduction. The capture segment, which typically represents the largest portion of overall CCS costs, has shown tremendous improvements in both established and emerging sectors. This paper outlines the common and novel CO2 capture processes deployed commercially and the ones under development. The methods given are assessed for their applicability, maturity, and cost-effectiveness in different industrial contexts. The CCS is deployed in over 620 projects world over, with more than 50 operational facilities, CCS deployment continues to grow globally. The costs involved in a typical CO2 capture plant, as well as the major cost drivers and strategies for reducing these costs have been examined here. The overall trend in costs are also expanded upon with further studies and deployments across sectors enabling a deeper understanding of how costs changes with new facilities. To achieve net zero targets CCS technology needs to be adapted globally. CCS can directly reduce emissions across most industry sectors in both retrofit and new build applications. In hard to abate industries where CO2 generation is unavoidable, such as cement manufacture, ethanol fermentation, and ethylene oxide production, CCS is the only method to address CO2 emissions and enable these facilities to achieve their targets.

Keywords: CCS-Carbon Capture and Storage/Sequestration, CO2- Carbon Dioxide, GHC-Greenhouse Gas Emissions, CDR-Carbon Dioxide Removal, BECCS- Bioenergy with CCS, TRL-Technology Readiness Level, DCC-Direct Contact Coolers, MEA-Mono Ethanol Amine

"CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES AND COST", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.f300-f312, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601545.pdf

"CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES AND COST", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppf300-f312, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601545.pdf