• Anjana Vyas

Abstract Biotechnology has emerged as a transformative scientific discipline with far-reaching implications for healthcare, agriculture, and industrial innovation. As biotechnology inventions transition from research laboratories to commercial markets, effective management and commercialization of intellectual property (IP) become critical. Intellectual property protection not only safeguards innovation but also facilitates technology transfer, venture capital investment, regulatory approval, and market expansion. This paper examines the distinction between IP management and IP commercialization in the biotechnology sector, highlighting strategic issues such as IP valuation, institutional ownership policies, licensing mechanisms, freedom to operate, and regulatory compliance. Particular emphasis is placed on the Indian legal framework under the Patents Act, 1970 (as amended), including compulsory licensing provisions and the landmark decision in Natco Pharma Ltd v Bayer Corporation (2012). Through analysis of the Cohen–Boyer patents and the rise of Genentech, the study illustrates how coordinated patent strategy, licensing structures, venture capital support, and trademark protection collectively contribute to successful commercialization. The paper argues that early-stage IP planning, balanced licensing models, and a calibrated public interest approach are essential for maximizing both economic returns and societal welfare in biotechnology innovation.

Keywords: Biotechnology, Intellectual property management, Commercialization, Patents Act 1970, Compulsory licensing, Technology transfer

"Management and Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Biotechnology", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 2, page no.c588-c592, February-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2602287.pdf

"Management and Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Biotechnology", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 2, page no. ppc588-c592, February-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2602287.pdf