• Dr. N. Sundara Ramaiah
• G. Anantha Varalakshmi
• G. Suresh

Kondapalli and Etikoppaka handicrafts represent two of the most significant traditional wooden craft traditions of Andhra Pradesh, India. Kondapalli toys are carved wooden figurines depicting mythology, rural life, and social themes, while Etikoppaka toys are turned wooden products finished with natural lacquer using friction-based techniques. Both crafts evolved through centuries of cultural patronage, ecological adaptation, and artisan knowledge systems. However, globalization, industrial toy production, raw material scarcity, and declining youth participation have placed these crafts under stress. Using secondary data from government reports, handicraft portals, academic articles, and cultural studies, this paper compares the historical evolution, production techniques, cultural meaning, economic contribution, challenges, and sustainability prospects of these crafts. The study highlights the need for policy support, market innovation, ecological conservation, and youth engagement to ensure long-term survival.

Scheduled Tribes (STs), Population, Gender, Sex Ratio, Literacy Rate, Work Participation Rate, Scheduled Tribe Groups, Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).

"Kondapalli and Etikoppaka Handicrafts: A Comparative Study of Heritage, Craft Processes, Socio-Economic Role and Sustainability", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no.a240-a248, March-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603035.pdf

"Kondapalli and Etikoppaka Handicrafts: A Comparative Study of Heritage, Craft Processes, Socio-Economic Role and Sustainability", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no. ppa240-a248, March-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603035.pdf