• P. G. Raghavendran
• M. Vinothkumar
• T. Suresh Padmanabhan

As the electric mobility as an alternative to conventional diesel and gasoline-powered cars becomes increasingly popular, the Battery Management System (BMS) became an essential factor in the determination of the performance and safety, as well as longevity of the battery pack in the electric cars (EVs) and other energy systems that rely on renewable sources. The paper constitutes a state-of-the-art review of the BMS, covering the major issues related to battery functioning and investigating solutions to them and the current trends based on the recent studies. The essential issues are battery modeling, the process of charging, the working conditions, and optimization. The paper highlights the performance assessment by constantly measuring the electrical parameters, including, voltage and current, and temperature control as a means of maintaining thermal stability, protection, proper charge-discharge estimation, and generally lowering the overall efficiency. Moreover, the methods of parameters prediction, as well as the availability of energy storage, are addressed. It is hoped that this review will help the researchers to recognize the important gaps in research, as well as establish the strategies that could be implemented to support the design and development of next-generation BMS to achieve sustainable electric mobility

Battery Management System (BMS), Electric Vehicles (EVs), Battery Safety, State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), Thermal Management, Battery Optimization, Charge–Discharge Estimation

"State-of-the-Art Review on Battery Management Systems for Next-Generation Electric Vehicles", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no.c696-c703, March-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603290.pdf

"State-of-the-Art Review on Battery Management Systems for Next-Generation Electric Vehicles", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no. ppc696-c703, March-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603290.pdf