• Swathi.E
• Teja Sree.C
• Vijaya Kumar.M
• Vineeth.V
• Nitin.N

Photovoltaic (PV)-based direct current (DC) microgrids are an increasingly important pathway to sustainable energy, but they face a persistent challenge: maintaining voltage stability and efficient power sharing when load demand fluctuates. Traditional droop control methods rely on fixed, predetermined parameters that simply cannot adapt fast enough to changing conditions, leading to voltage instability, power imbalances, and unnecessary energy losses. To address this, the present work proposes a Metaheuristic-Tuned Droop Control (MTDC) strategy that uses a Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (SA-PSO) algorithm to continuously calculate and update the optimal droop coefficient in real time. SA-PSO improves convergence and adaptability through a dynamic inertia weight adjustment mechanism, and the overall optimization targets three goals: minimizing power loss, improving power-sharing accuracy, and mitigating voltage fluctuations. The proposed approach is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink under a range of stress conditions, and the results consistently demonstrate that MTDC outperforms traditional droop control — reducing voltage fluctuation, improving power-sharing accuracy, and lowering power losses. This work shows that metaheuristic optimization can meaningfully advance the control of PV-based DC microgrids, making them more stable, more responsive, and more resilient to disturbances.

PV-based DC microgrid, droop control, parallel operation, DC-DC converter, load sharing, particle swarm optimization, meta-heuristic algorithms.

"ADAPTIVE DROOP CONTROL OPTIMIZATION IN PV-BASED DC MICROGRIDS USING METAHEURISTIC TECHNIQUES UNDER VARIABLE LOAD CONDITIONS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no.f584-f595, March-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603574.pdf

"ADAPTIVE DROOP CONTROL OPTIMIZATION IN PV-BASED DC MICROGRIDS USING METAHEURISTIC TECHNIQUES UNDER VARIABLE LOAD CONDITIONS", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no. ppf584-f595, March-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603574.pdf