• Ms. Shalu

STEM education, encompassing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, has become a crucial driver of global development, innovation, and competitiveness. However, persistent inequities in access, participation, and representation among marginalized groups continue to undermine the potential of STEM. Critical pedagogy, inspired by Paulo Freire's vision of education as a liberating force, offers a powerful approach to addressing these disparities by cultivating critical consciousness, promoting participatory learning, and dismantling structural barriers. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the role critical pedagogy can play in advancing both equity and innovation in STEM education. By drawing on theoretical perspectives, global case studies, and empirical evidence, we explore effective strategies for integrating critical pedagogy into STEM curricula, teaching practices, and institutional frameworks. With a specific focus on India, we examine the impact of recent reforms like the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, innovative initiatives such as Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs), and rural STEM programs like Unnat Bharat Abhiyan. Our analysis shows that equity and innovation are interconnected goals, where inclusive practices not only expand participation but also foster novel perspectives and solutions essential for scientific and technological progress. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for educators, policymakers, and researchers, advocating for a reimagined STEM field that prioritizes both excellence and justice. By rethinking STEM education through the lens of critical pedagogy, we can unlock its full potential to drive positive change and promote a more equitable society.

STEM Education, Critical Pedagogy, ATLs, NEP 2020, Inclusive Education

"Advancing Equity and Innovation in STEM through Critical Pedagogical Practices", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no.h170-h176, March-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603723.pdf

"Advancing Equity and Innovation in STEM through Critical Pedagogical Practices", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 3, page no. pph170-h176, March-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2603723.pdf