• Dr.Hemangi Mahida
• Dr.Urvashi Makwana
• Dr.Yamini Soni
• Dr.Pashmi Mehta
• Dr.Mahima Parmar

The gut–brain axis (GBA) represents a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. Recent advances in microbiome research have highlighted the crucial role of gut microbiota in maintaining physiological homeostasis and influencing neurological function. The human gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms that contribute not only to digestion and metabolism but also to immune regulation, neurotransmitter production, and behavioral responses. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbial composition, commonly referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with numerous gastrointestinal, neurological, and psychiatric disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome, depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The gut microbiota communicates with the brain through multiple mechanisms involving the vagus nerve, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, cytokines, and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Understanding these interactions has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review explores the physiological mechanisms underlying the gut–brain axis, discusses its role in health and disease, and examines emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome. Future advances in microbiome-based medicine may offer innovative solutions for the prevention and treatment of various neurological and gastrointestinal disorders.

Gut–Brain Axis, Gut Microbiota, Enteric Nervous System, Dysbiosis, Neurotransmitters, Probiotics, Neuroinflammation.

"THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 6, page no.a261-a279, June-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2606030.pdf

"THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND FUTURE THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 6, page no. ppa261-a279, June-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2606030.pdf