• RAJESHKUMAR R
• Dr. G. A. Rathy

Rapid motor acceleration imposes short-duration high-current demand on an electric-vehicle battery, causing terminal-voltage sag and avoidable electrochemical stress. This paper presents a bench-scale, microcontroller-based hybrid energy storage system that couples a 12 V battery with a 12 V supercapacitor module through independently controlled relays. An ATmega328P controller acquires battery current, capacitor current, source voltages, and temperature using two ACS712-30A sensors, resistive voltage dividers, and a DS18B20 sensor. Battery-only and hybrid startup tests were performed from the same reported initial voltages of 11.27 V and 11.18 V. The controller summary recorded a reduction in peak battery current from 18.73 A to 1.33 A, corresponding to 92.90% peak-current shaving. In hybrid mode the supercapacitor supplied a 7.56 A peak, while the minimum battery voltage remained at 11.27 V instead of falling to 10.09 V. The measured voltage sag therefore decreased from 1.18 V to 0.00 V. Short-duration periodic telemetry also shows sustained current sharing without a meaningful temperature rise. The results demonstrate effective transient offloading while identifying the need for repeated trials and synchronized high-rate logging before vehicle-scale deployment.

"BATTERY-SUPERCAPACITOR HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER MANAGEMENT", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 9, page no.a534-a540, September-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2609064.pdf

"BATTERY-SUPERCAPACITOR HYBRID ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE POWER MANAGEMENT", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 9, page no. ppa534-a540, September-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2609064.pdf