• Mr. MEGHLAL SAW
• MS. ABHILASHA MISHRA
• MR. HITESH RAJ MANDAL
• MR. RAGHVENDRA SINGH

Conjunctivitis remains a common ocular inflammation affecting millions globally, with etiology varying widely based on microbial pathogens and host factors. This review synthesizes current evidence on bacterial and viral causes of conjunctivitis, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the paradoxical immune response that characterizes this infection. Data from 15 bacterial isolates that Haemophilus influenzae (26.0%), Streptococcus peumoniae (22.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (14.4%) are the predominant pathogens, with alarming resistance rates. Viral causes include parainfluenza viruses and emerging concerns like SARS-CoV-2. The immune response demonstrates a "Pyrrhic Victory" wherein polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are essential for pathogen clearance but simultaneously inflict tissue damage. This review provides clinicians with comprehensive guidance on pathogen identification, resistance patterns, age-specific epidemiology, and management strategies. Conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. It manifests with symptoms such as redness, itching, tearing, and discharge from the eyes, and can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, or irritants. This article provides an overview of conjunctivitis, including its symptoms, causes, treatment options, and prevention strategies. While most cases of conjunctivitis resolve without complications, proper diagnosis and management are crucial to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and minimize potential complications.

paradoxical, polymorphonuclear, inflammation , leukocytes , pathogen , paradoxical

"MICROBIAL EFFECTS ON CONJUNCTIVITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PATHOGENS, RESISTANCE PATTERNS, AND IMMUNE RESPONSES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 10, page no.b434-b439, October-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2610145.pdf

"MICROBIAL EFFECTS ON CONJUNCTIVITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BACTERIAL AND VIRAL PATHOGENS, RESISTANCE PATTERNS, AND IMMUNE RESPONSES", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 10, page no. ppb434-b439, October-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2610145.pdf