• Ms. Manjiri Pathak
• K. Sailakshmi

4G mobile systems focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including GSM, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. 4G is developed to accommodate the QoS and rate requirements set by further development of existing 3G applications like wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but also new services like HDTV content, minimal services like voice and data, and other services that utilize bandwidth[1]. 5G refers to the next and newest mobile wireless IEEE standard 802.11ah with a focus on IoT support & based on 5G NR(New radio) with LTE. This technology does not only mean the faster mobile internet but also seamless connectivity at many more places than 4G can provide.The issue of mobility today is everybody’s concern since the use of mobile devices & hence growth in network traffic is exponential. To cope up with this situation & increasing demand for higher Quality of Service (QoS), the 5G networks are expected to be highly dense in terms of not only the no. of users but also the no. of Access Points that may be belonging to different Radio Access Technologies (RAT) such as 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi and heterogeneous which will challenge the existing mobility management solutions. So new perspective to mobility management is required.Here on-demand mobility management solutions are required for the networks with flexibility that can accommodate large no. of users & also support the scalability. At the same time, they will need to be de-centralized & flexible.This demands a closer look at how resources (bandwidth and buffer) are utilized in the Internet, and a look at how we can maintain continuous connectivity while mobile, especially during the transmission of real-time, high quality streaming data. Modifying the current Internet to support mobility is one of the fastest growing research areas in the global Internet community. There exist several tools, to solve mobility issues in 4G & 5G networks. Research & development in 5G aims to support IoT at a lower cost, lower latency than 4G equipment, reduced energy usage, security & seamless connectivity for transferring large volume of data without compromising its quality.In this paper, the issues regarding mobility management in 4G & 5G networks are discussed. These include, the concepts of mobility management, IP mobility, mobility management architecture, types of mobility management in 4G & 5G, applications etc.

Mobility management, mobility architecture, SIP, fuzzy logic & speed based mobility management, distributed mobility management, smart mobility management etc.

"An approach to Mobility management in 4G & 5G heterogeneous networks", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 3, page no.152-156, March-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRAL06034.pdf

"An approach to Mobility management in 4G & 5G heterogeneous networks", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 3, page no. pp152-156, March-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRAL06034.pdf