• Dr. G. Venkata Rao
• N. Ananda Mahani

The traditional belief that men are the sole bread winner and women looks after the household is not always true as these roles may change according to the circumstances. Though it is considered that the household is always a women’s role, provision of food may not always be done solely by men. Women engage in diverse activities ranging from hunting to needle point. In primitive societies where hunting and gathering are the main economic activities, women’s contribution to the food production is around 80 per cent. In forming societies much of the labour needed for sowing weeding, harvesting and threshing is supplied by women. In pastoral societies women engage in maintenance of animals, milking, preparation of milk products and marketing of milk and milk products. In modern societies women are taking up a variety of jobs – unskilled, semi-skilled, clerical, executive, professional, etc. Generally, in the poor families women and female children bear a disproportionately high share of the burden of poverty. It is a known fact that women’s aspirations for better lives for their children are universal. They cannot bear to see their children suffer from hunger. Expenditure on basic necessities is found among poor households, to be linked more closely to women’s earnings than to men’s earnings, where both men and women earn. It has been found that where women do paid work, they invariably contribute a greater proportion of their daily earnings to the family upkeep than their men. Thus, in order to provide food for their children or in their struggle for existence women may take up any kind of job, at any place sometimes for very meager wages. But when mere existence becomes difficult women may even take the extreme step of migrating to other places in search of work, leaving behind their husband and children. Men and women jointly or individually migrate to other places for better opportunities of work.

Primitive Societies, Economic Activities, Pastoral Societies, Migration

"Progressive Role of Women in Indian Economy Women Migrant Labour To Gulf Countries From Malkipuram Mandal of East Godavari District", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 3, page no.32-36, March-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRAP06006.pdf

"Progressive Role of Women in Indian Economy Women Migrant Labour To Gulf Countries From Malkipuram Mandal of East Godavari District", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 3, page no. pp32-36, March-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRAP06006.pdf