• Prof.Roopa C
• Naveen Kumar S
• Prabhu K
• Bhavan N
• Pramod Kumar

For decades, the quartz crystal has been used for precise frequency control. In the increasingly popular field of wireless communications, available frequency spectrum is becoming very limited, and therefore regulatory agencies have imposed tight frequency stability requirements. There are generally two techniques for controlling the stability of a crystal oscillator with temperature variations of the environment. They are temperature control and temperature compensation. Temperature control involves placing the sensitive components of an oscillator in a temperature stable chamber. Usually referred to as an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), this technique can achieve very good stability over wide temperature ranges. Nevertheless, its use in miniature battery powered electronic devices is significantly limited by drawbacks such as cost, power consumption, and size. Temperature compensation, on the other hand, entails using temperature dependent circuit elements to compensate for shifts in frequency due to changes in ambient temperature. A crystal oscillator that uses this frequency stabilization technique is referred to as a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO). With little added cost, size, and power consumption, a TCXO is well suited for use in portable devices. This paper presents the theory of temperature compensation, and a procedure for designing a TCXO and predicting its performance over temperature.

Crystal, Temperature Compensation, Frequency control, TCXO, Temperature dependent circuit

"Analysis of Frequency Stability for Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no.185-191, May-2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRCD06032.pdf

"Analysis of Frequency Stability for Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (TCXO)", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 5, page no. pp185-191, May-2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRCD06032.pdf