• Subham Mohanta
• Arun Karnwal

Microorganisms mostly yeast and bacteria are widely used in research and industry for cloning genes, replication of DNA and producing purified proteins. Of all the microorganism's yeast is used widely as a model organism to study a variety of cell functions. A huge variety of microorganism are used by the molecular biologist to study the variety of gene structure and functions. Some biologist studies this microorganism as they are pathogenic to plants, humans or other animals, and more than this it helps in developing effective drugs and also strategies for infection control. As bacterial cultures grow very fast and can be stained easily microorganisms (mostly yeast and bacteria) are often referred to as tool for molecular biology.

Yeast; Bacteria; E. coli; Molecular tools; Plasmid.

"Microbes As Molecular Tools: A Review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 1, page no.557-564, January 2019, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRDW06089.pdf

"Microbes As Molecular Tools: A Review", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.6, Issue 1, page no. pp557-564, January 2019, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRDW06089.pdf