• Mr. N.N.Saxena
• Dr Prafull Kumar

It is anticipated that demand for food, feed and biofuel feedstock would level off over the next four decades. There is a need for 1.16–1.31 percent annual growth in crop yields under potential (Yp) and water scarce conditions (Yw) for the three major cereal crops (maize, wheat, and rice) to satisfy anticipated global demand in 2050. Assume that the present absolute rates of yield improvement remain constant and/or that the recent signs of yield standstill for certain crops in some areas of the globe spread globally. There are many ways to increase genetic improvement rates for Yp and Yw, including genetic engineering of photosynthesis, above-ground ideotype design, and improving root capacity for water uptake, as well as improving root capacity for water uptake via root capacity improvement. To ensure timely development from possible beneficial characteristics to field-ready cultivars and broad acceptance by farmers, the time frames needed for each stage are carefully considered. The significance of molecular breeding tools for genetic improvement of basic and complex characteristics is discussed, as well as the needs of breeders for inclusion of potentially significant features in traditional breeding processes. Useful traits can be adopted into the breeding process faster if they are not protected by intellectual property or regulatory requirements. Increasing funding for focused research and identifying and eliminating or reducing drags at various stages of the idea to farmer-ready cultivar chain could speed up the exploitation of unexploited Yp or Yw opportunities in some crops and/or cropping systems. However, genetic enhancements such as hybrid vigor in rice or potential breakthroughs in photosynthetic gene editing are unlikely to affect Yp or Yw in a significant way. It is important to note that the unmet demand for cereals in 2050 would be much higher if we do not continue to invest in finding new genetic improvement sources and improving breeding tools.

Agriculture, Crop, Genetic Improvement, Productivity, Yield.

"Estimate for Crop Productivity and Water-Limited Yield Enhancement in Major Agricultural Crops", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 12, page no.1123-1127, December-2018, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRFH06192.pdf

"Estimate for Crop Productivity and Water-Limited Yield Enhancement in Major Agricultural Crops", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 12, page no. pp1123-1127, December-2018, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRFH06192.pdf