• Liswaniso Sikute

The background to the study stems from the outbreak of Coronavirus and the closure of many public facilities including universities and churches as contained in Statutory Instrument No 22 of 2020. A descriptive survey design applying a concurrent mixed approach was preferred as it allowed the researcher to collect both qualitative and quantitative data at the same time in this Comparative Study on the Leadership Challenges in Virtual Management of Universities and Churches within Lusaka Urban. The objectives of the study were to investigate challenges in virtual management of universities and churches; exploring leadership’s adaptation to institutional digital transformation; explore the barriers faced by students and congregants with regard to virtual meetings as well as examine the socio-economic factors associated with virtual management. The universities were purposefully sampled while churches were randomly selected and applied the maximum variation technique to purposefully sample some university Registrars, Pastors, Information Technology staff and general secretaries of church mother bodies bringing the cumulative total to 699. On the other hand, the study used convenience sampling for students and church members a non-probability sampling done through a smart online survey. The method was selected because the study was done during the Covid 19 outbreak.

Virtual Leadership, Management, Challenges, Universities, Churches.

"LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITIES AND CHURCHES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LUSAKA URBAN", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 2, page no.b576-b725, February-2023, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRTHE2026.pdf

"LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES IN VIRTUAL MANAGEMENT OF UNIVERSITIES AND CHURCHES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LUSAKA URBAN", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.10, Issue 2, page no. ppb576-b725, February-2023, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRTHE2026.pdf