• Lubna Gazal

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) represent a pivotal advancement in pharmaceutical sciences, offering improved therapeutic efficacy and enhanced bioavailability over traditional dosage forms. Among various applications, ocular drug delivery poses unique challenges due to the eye’s anatomical and physiological barriers, which hinder drug penetration and retention. Conventional formulations like eye drops and ointments often suffer from rapid elimination and poor corneal permeability, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes. To address these limitations, innovative delivery approaches such as in situ gels, nanoparticles, liposomes, and contact lens-based systems have been developed. These strategies aim to improve drug retention, prolong release, and achieve site-specific targeting. Sustained and controlled-release formulations, supported by progress in nanotechnology and bioadhesive materials, show great promise in enhancing treatment efficacy and patient compliance. This review highlights the key challenges in ocular drug delivery and explores emerging technologies designed to overcome these barriers and revolutionize ocular therapeutics.

nephazoline hydrochloride, ocular insert

"formulation and evaluation of nephazoline hydrochloride ocular insert", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no.l210-l281, September-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRTHE2221.pdf

"formulation and evaluation of nephazoline hydrochloride ocular insert", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 9, page no. ppl210-l281, September-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRTHE2221.pdf