• Sanjay Kumar

This research paper examines the evolution of secularism and the dynamics of religious conflict in post-independence India, drawing primarily on Ramachandra Guha’s seminal work, India After Gandhi. Guha’s narrative provides a comprehensive and nuanced account of the complex interplay between religion and politics in India from 1947 to the present. This paper examines the theoretical foundations of Indian secularism as envisioned by the framers of the Constitution and the subsequent challenges it has faced in practice. Through a critical review of India After Gandhi and relevant secondary literature, the paper investigates significant episodes of religious conflict, the responses of the Indian state, and the shifts in the secular ethos of Indian society and politics. The methodology relies on qualitative analysis and thematic review. The discussion highlights the persistent tension between inclusivity and religious identity, the politicisation of religion, and the rise of communal violence. The findings suggest that while Indian secularism remains a foundational principle, its implementation has been inconsistent, often influenced by political interests and societal pressures. The paper concludes that although secularism is deeply embedded in India’s constitutional framework, its future depends on the ability of institutions, leaders, and civil society to uphold pluralism and counteract forces of intolerance.

Secularism, Conflict, India, Post-Independence, Ramachandra Guha, Pluralism

"Secularism and Religious Conflict in Post-Independence India: A Review of India After Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no.d498-d505, December-2025, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512361.pdf

"Secularism and Religious Conflict in Post-Independence India: A Review of India After Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.12, Issue 12, page no. ppd498-d505, December-2025, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2512361.pdf