• Anjali Verma

This research paper explores the doctrine of res judicata, enshrined in Section 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, embodies the principle that a matter once finally decided by a competent court cannot be re-litigated between the same parties on the same issue. Based on the maxims res judicata pro veritate accipitur and nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem causa, the doctrine ensures finality of judgments, judicial efficiency, and fairness. Its application requires identity of parties, subject matter, title, competent jurisdiction, and final adjudication. By preventing multiplicity of proceedings, it safeguards public interest, reduces judicial burden, and maintains confidence in the justice system. Judicial interpretation has extended its scope to constructive res judicata and to civil suits, writ petitions, arbitration, and Public Interest Litigations, while recognized exceptions such as fraud, lack of jurisdiction, changes in law, and violation of fundamental rights ensure a balanced application. Landmark decisions including Daryao v. State of U.P. and Bhanu Kumar Jain v. Archana Kumar reaffirm the doctrine’s essential role in preserving the effectiveness and integrity of the Indian judicial process

• Res judicata • Legal system • Judicial efficiency • Fairness • Repetitive lawsuits • Competent jurisdiction • Exceptions.

"Section 11 CPC: A Detailed Study of Res Judicata in Indian Civil Procedure", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.a183-a193, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601021.pdf

"Section 11 CPC: A Detailed Study of Res Judicata in Indian Civil Procedure", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. ppa183-a193, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2601021.pdf