• NIDHI SRIVASTAVA
• Dr.AMIT KUMAR PANDEY

Comparing hybrid nanofluids at unequal total solid loading can attribute a loading effect to composition. This analytical study fixes total volume fraction and separates the composition share from the total amount of particles. Mixture rules give exact density and volumetric heat-capacity sensitivities. A Brinkman viscosity closure predicts no composition sensitivity at fixed loading, while a clearly identified illustrative conductivity surrogate has a monotone, explicitly bounded response. The conductivity response scales with total loading in the dilute limit. A dimensionless worked example tabulates the closure outputs and demonstrates their arithmetic without representing measured Al₂O₃–Cu/water data. We distinguish the structural identifiability of composition from one direct conductivity observation under known constituent properties from its non-identifiability when constituent properties or transport coefficients are free. The result is a reproducible diagnostic for interpreting parametric nanofluid calculations; quantitative predictions for any material pair still require measured effective properties and independently checked closure assumptions.

hybrid nanofluid; composition share; fixed total loading; effective conductivity; identifiability; mixture closure

"Pressure Driven Casson and Williamson Hybrid Nanofluid Channel Flow with Dissipative Heating and Model Uncertainty", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 10, page no.a161-a166, October-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2610018.pdf

"Pressure Driven Casson and Williamson Hybrid Nanofluid Channel Flow with Dissipative Heating and Model Uncertainty", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 10, page no. ppa161-a166, October-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2610018.pdf