• Dhanashree Bhandare
• Rajashri Gaikwad
• Dhanashri Choudhari
• Dnyaneshwari Jadhav
• H.R.Kulkarni

functioning. At the local scale, ecosystems and biodiversity are subject to interacting pressures– rising temperatures, changing precipitation regimes, increased frequency of extreme events, sea- level rise and altered disturbance regimes–which modulate how species and communities respond. This review synthesises evidence from approximately 30 key papers on how climate change affects local ecosystems and biodiversity (including species, communities and ecosystem-level processes). We examine documented effects such as range shifts, changes in abundance and phenology, community turnover, and ecosystem function alteration. We evaluate the methods used (including time-series, meta-analyses, modelling and field experiments), summarise patterns of results, highlight emergent themes such as non-linear responses and lagged effects, and discuss limitations and knowledge gaps. We conclude by identifying future research needs—especially improved long-term local monitoring, mechanistic studies, and the integration of species-interaction and ecosystem-function responses under climate change. The findings underscore that local biodiversity change is complex: while global biodiversity may be declining, local species richness does not always decrease, yet composition and function often shift significantly. Effective conservation and ecosystem-management strategies must therefore account for local climatic trajectories, species vulnerabilities and interactive stressors.

Climate change, Global warming, Local ecosystems, Biodiversity loss, Species adaptation, Habitat degradation, Ecosystem resilience.

"Review paper on effects of climate change on local ecosystems and biodiversity", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no.319-328, January-2026, Available :http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRHG06032.pdf

"Review paper on effects of climate change on local ecosystems and biodiversity", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (www.jetir.org | UGC and issn Approved), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.13, Issue 1, page no. pp319-328, January-2026, Available at : http://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIRHG06032.pdf